Category:Politics

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Individually, we are one drop. Together, we are an ocean.

- Ryunosuke Satoro [1]


To find ways, against all odds, to bring together all the various highly differentiated and often local movements into some kind of commonality of purpose.

- David Harvey, Spaces of Hope [2]


These days, if you're an optimist, you're not paying attention to the facts, and if you're a pessimist, you're not paying attention to what some of us are doing despite them.

- Paul Hawken [3]


Optimism is a political act. Those who benefit from the status quo are perfectly happy for us to think nothing is going to get any better. In fact, these days, cynicism is obedience.

- Alex Steffen [4]


To be truly radical is to make hope possible rather than despair convincing.

- Raymond Williams

"The Internet is a wonderful leveller. But democracy requires a great deal more than mere ‘levelling’. Primarily, it requires political institutions that enable the economically weak to have a decisive say on policy against the interests of the rich and powerful."

- Yanis Varoufakis [5]


Please read: Mapping a Coalition for the Commons. By Philippe Aigrain.


Our Political Network


File:Simonaconservas.jpg
Adam Arvidsson David Bollier Celia Blanco Axel Bruns Kevin Carson Simona Conservas
adam DOT [email protected] david at bollier dot org seliabv@gmail dot com snurb (at) snurb.info free.market.anticapitalist AT gmail.com conservas at moviments.net
Matt Cooperrider Josef Davis-Coates George Dafermos Mark Elliott Jeremy Gilbert Paul Hartzog
mattcooperrider at gmail dot com jdaviescoates at gmail dot com g.n.dafermos at tudelft dot nl me@mark-elliott dot net J.Gilbert at uel.ac dot uk paulbhartzog at gmail.com



Athina Karatzogianni Vasilis Kostakis Phoebe Moore Olivier Schulbaum Sam Rose Johan Söderberg
athina.k at gmail.com kostakis.b at gmail.com athina.k at gmail.com olivierschulbaum at platoniq.net samuel dot rose at gmail dot com soderbergjohan at yahoo dot com



Introduction

This page is for political and activist practices and processes that are somehow influenced by the peer to peer dynamic. See also the related page on P2P Governance Concepts, which deals with 'how we manage peer to peer processes'. We will particularly use this section to monitor Civic Hacking projects.

Not all concepts from the Encyclopedia have been ported to this page yet: only the terms from A-D (first two columns).

For the underpinnings of our work at the P2P Foundation, read: Theses on the Emergence of the Peer to Peer Civilization and Political Economy

The P2P Foundation supports the Manifest for the recovery of common goods of humanity

To start of your explorations, we recommend the following key articles:

  1. Michel Bauwens: Three Things We Need to Succeed in P2P Politics
  2. Alex Steffen: Optimism as a Political Act
  3. Dale Carrico: Technology Is Not a Force for Either Liberation or Oppression
  4. The Techorg vision: Hack the State: "Armed revolutionaries and anarchists hate the state. Social democrats want to be the state. I say we better hack it." [6]


What Can We Do?

“The true object of politics is to create the institutions which, by being internalised by individuals, most facilitates their accession to their individual autonomy and their effective participation in all forms of explicit power existing in society”

– Cornelius Castoriadis [7]

Michel Bauwens:

As I see it, there are three main strategies being deployed. All have their strength and weaknesses, and I then conclude with the positioning of the P2P Foundation in that field.

1. First there are the hackers and their continuous attempt to create alternative infrastructures and to connect them to each other. Many attempts fail, but there are successes, like guifi.net .. however, not nearly on the scale necessary to break network effects of the corporate platforms. A main weakness of this strategy is the communicative isolation from where humanity is actually interacting.


2. Bringing the fight to the internet platforms themselves, because such communication is a basic human necessity and they should therefore be considered 'commons' or public utilities, not subjected to corporate whim. An example of this approach is the Facebook Users Union, but this trend still seems very small. My assessment: networked communities can mobilize massively, on occasion, both online and offline, but have problems in terms of organising for 'la duree'

3. Counter-surveillance, sabotage, and transparency, i.e. Wikileaks, Anonymous etc .. here also a very mixed record and also their very successes lead to a tightening of security on the other side.

My conclusion is that all three approaches are necessary, but not sufficient, and that what is needed is an integrative approach. This focuses on the more long-term work of re-creating a new social hegemony based on the interlocking of the multitude of self-organized productive efforts that are now undertaken under the umbrella of peer production and the creation and protection of old and new commons. This approach focuses on the further creation of commons and p2p initiatives with an integrative vision for transformative social change. It works on the pluralistic politization of p2p/commons efforts with the view of creating strong social and political movements for social change.


Overview of P2P Transition Proposals

  • Las Indias summarizes recent p2p thinking from the period 2012-2013 [8]
  • a good summary of the triarchical proposal to simultaneously transform civil society, the market and the state [9]
  • political organizing:
    • 1) local change through civic Alliances of the Commons and Chamber of the Commons producing social charters to recreate local political majorities [10] ;
    • 2) the global alliance of the commons at nation-state level and beyond [11]

Framing the discussion in the contect of P2P-driven global governance

Poor Richard' Almanack :

"Can a hollowed-out, privatized government effectively cope with the increasing complexity of social and environmental crises such as global warming ?

I agree that the failure of government regulation to curb the destructive activity of large corporations is only likely to worsen with the increasing privatization of government and the increasing complexity of global problems. So what can p2p culture do about this?

1. Establish powerful, confederated P2P Guilds and Leagues based on various global commons of knowledge and expertise so that mitigations, adaptations, and other interventions can be crowd-sourced by massively distributed, parallel, and open networks of peers.

2. Establish many strong, self-reliant economies at the local geopolitical (or Eco-political) level by forming partnerships between the P2P guilds and progressive local communities. These partnerships would maximize economies of scope via peer production and would also be strongly confederated with their peers bio-regionally, nationally, and globally.

3. One more maneuver that may be necessary to assist this process I will dub “castling”, a term borrowed from the game of chess. What I mean by this is a shifting of local populations between adjacent local geopolitical jurisdictions (such as cities and counties in the US) so as to create political, social, and economic majorities of p2p culture in the targeted locations.

The resulting strongly confederated p2p cultural strongholds might stand the best chance of competing with the large corporate entities, excluding them from the “castled” commons, and limiting the scope of their environmental destruction." (http://almanac2010.wordpress.com/2012/11/15/guilding-the-lilly/)

Introductory Articles

  1. Important Policy statement: Five Principles of Openness and Transparency in Politics
  2. Action Item: Proposal for an Alliance between the Social Economy and Free Libre and Open Source Software. Bastien Sybille.
  3. The necessary attitude to the state form, explained by Dale Carrico: Why We Have To Work With the State

Also:

  1. Changing Self, Community, and Society, by Inspector Lohman #[12]
  2. David Loy: On the Relationship between Individual and Collective Awakening
  3. Openness is not sufficient for Democracy. Bill Thompson.
  4. Towards planetary, peer to peer, and green consciousness. Dale Carrico.
  5. The Networked Public Sphere: updating Habermas
  6. A Cluetrain Manifesto for People-Powered Politics: the 95 theses reworked for politics
  7. Stephen Downes: Values for the left in an age of distribution
  8. Social Network Sites for change: overview
  9. Cass Sunstein: Is the Internet a blessing for democracy?
  10. Jerry Brito: Crowdsourcing Government Transparency: great introductory overview of Open Government and Open Government Data principles and practices [13]


P2P Foundation

Michel Bauwens' articles are listed here at http://del.icio.us/mbauwens/Bauwens-Articles

Blog entries at the P2P Foundation: please check the blog archive, for entries on the political aspects of P2P.

The essay that started it all:

Key article:

  1. Towards a Grand Alliance for the Commons
  2. P2P, the Left, the Right, and Beyond


Longer essays:

  1. To the Finland Station: the political approach of P2P Theory
  2. P2P Politics, the State, and the Renewal of the Emancipatory Traditions. Re-public, Wiki Politics issue, 2007. Retrieved from http://www.re-public.gr/en/?p=133. Reprint at Democracy by the People blog, http://democracybythepeople.blogspot.com/2008/04/peer-to-peer-politics.html
  3. The social web and its social contracts. Re-public, . Retrieved from http://www.re-public.gr/en/?p=261


Here's a selection of a few articles:

  1. Four levels of P2P: the influence of P2P advances in stages: which ones?
  2. Peer Production and the State, and follow-up
  3. Is P2P left or right?, and follow-up

How To


See also:

  1. Online Advocacy Guide. By the Tactical Tech Collective: "a collection of popular online services that can be used for advocacy quickly with little to no technical support."
  2. How to organize an activist campaign via Facebook, by DigiActive [15]
  3. Ten online practical steps recommended to governments in support of democracy. Steven Clift
  4. Characteristics of Effective Activism
  5. Anonymous Blogging Guide: A step-by-step way to protecting your privacy and your safety
  6. Blog for a Cause: How to use blogs as advocacy tools for political and social change
  7. How To Communicate Securely in Repressive Environments. Patrick Meier: Core to effective strategic nonviolent action is the need to remain proactive and on the offensive; the rationale being that both the resistance movement and repressive regime have an equal amount of time allocated when the show-down begins. If the movement becomes idle at any point, this may give the regime the opportunity to regain the upper hand, or vice versa.

Resources


Encyclopedia Articles

  1. Civil Constitutions
  2. Civil Societarian approaches to politics
  3. the relational conception of the Common Good
  4. Subsidiarity



Key Articles

  • Deen Freelon: Sorting through claims about the internet and revolutions, part 1
  • The Politics of Code in Web 2.0. 'Essay: Mapping Commercial Web 2.0 Worlds: Towards a New Critical Ontogenesis. By Ganaele Langlois, Fenwick McKelvey, Greg Elmer, and Kenneth Werbin. Fibreculture Journal, Issue 14. [17]


Integral Politics

Summaries:

  1. Tom Atlee: Integral Politics as Process.
  2. Daniel Gustav Anderson: A Proposal for Integral Macropolitics.


Articles:

  1. This is related to my own, "integral" approach to P2P Theory (see [19] for background): "The claimed purpose of this project is to coordinate subjective (psychological, spiritual) and objective (social, political, economic) transformational imperatives into a coherent, non-ontological “counterproject.” [20]
  2. Of Syntheses and Surprises: Toward a Critical Integral Theory. By Daniel Gustav Anderson. [21]
  3. New Theses on Integral Micropolitics. By Daniel Gustav Anderson. [22]




Openness and Open Politics

  1. From Open Space to Open Politics. From Jai Sen's article: On Open Space: Explorations Towards a Vocabulary of a More Open Politics. Jai Sen. Antipode. Volume 42, Issue 4, pages 994–1018, September 2010 [23]
  2. Transparency and Accessibility as aspects of Openness
  3. Five Principles of Openness and Transparency in Politics
  4. Tim O'Reilly, "The Four Pillars of an Open Civic System" (this typology of Open Civic Systems includes: Government to Citizen, Citizen to Government, Citizen to Citizen, and Government to Government)



P2P Political Concepts

  1. A table to understand where we are at: Tere Vaden's Three Stages of Freedom
  2. The logic of affinity vs. the logic of hegemony
  3. Mark Pesce: The Power of the Cloud and the Cloud of Power
  4. The three power systems: hierarchy, heterarchy, and responsible autonomy

P2P Political Struggles

  • A strategy for the commons in the context of social transformation: Massimo de Angelis, Crises, Movements and Commons. Borderlands e-journal, VOLUME 11 NUMBER 2, 2012. [24]

Books

  1. Clay Shirky: Here Comes Everybody: On the political implications of internet-enabled self-organisation
  2. Jeffrey Juris. Networking Futures: The Movements Against Corporate Globalization. Duke University Press, 2008 [28]
  3. Netroots Rising. How a citizen army of bloggers and online activists is changing American politics. by Lowell Feld and Nate Wilcox. 2008
  4. Digital Activism Decoded. Ed. by Mary Joyce. Idebate Press, 2010 [29]
  5. Report: Blogs and Bullets: New Media in Contentious Politics. PeaceWorks, 2010 : "critically assesses both the “cyberutopian” and “cyberskeptic” perspectives on the impact of new media on political movements. The authors propose a more complex approach that looks at the role of new media in contentious politics from five interlocking levels of analysis: individual transformation, intergroup relations, collective action, regime policies, and external attention."


On the political implications of the free software and other open movements:

  1. Johan Soderbergh: Hacking Capitalism
  2. Decoding Liberation
  3. Christopher Kely. Two Bits, on the strategy of Recursive Publics
  4. Abstract Activism. Otto von Busch and Karl Palmås.

On Political and Social Change

  1. The Hacker Manifesto. McKenzie Wark.
  2. Massimo De Angelis: The Beginning of History. Value Struggles and Global Capital. Pluto, 2007: about the Commons as a political movement inaugurating a new era of history
  3. Cyber Marx. Nick Dyer-Whiteford.
  4. Gramsci is Dead. Richard Day.
  5. Code 2.0. Lawrence Lessig.
  6. Viral Spiral. David Bollier. An account of the emergence of the contemporary Commons movement

See also, for wider background:

  • The Anatomy of Revolution. Crane Brinton: outlines the "uniformities" of four major political revolutions: the English Revolution of the 1640s, the American, the French, and 1917 Russian Revolution.


On open and collaborative government:

  1. Wiki Government. How Technology Can Make Government Better, Democracy Stronger, and Citizens More Powerful. Beth Noveck. Brookings Institution Press, 2009: on the emergence of Collaborative Democracy,i.e. soliciting expertise from self-selected peers working together in groups in open networks


On participatory democracy:

  1. Jim Fishkin. When The People Speak: Deliberative Democracy and Public Consultation. Oxford University Press, 2009: "Fishkin’s essential argument is that ‘mass participation’ – that is, the participation of a full electorate – in policy making is flawed and open to manipulation for a variety of well-known reasons. The general public is usually not very informed, engaged or attentive. But what would people think if they were more informed, engaged and attentive? He posits a hard choice between actual, but ‘debilitated’, public opinion on the one hand, and ‘deliberative but counter factual opinion’ on the other. Deliberative assemblies may, by proxy, square the circle." [30]

On power in networks (Protocollary Power):

  1. Protocol and The Exploit: How Control Exists after Decentralization. Alexander Galloway et al.
  2. David Grewal: Network Power, how standards come about in non-free ways
  3. Theory of Power. By Jack Vail.

Also, for academic audiences:

  1. Reformatting Politics: Information Technology and Global Civil Society. Editor: Jodi Dean, Jon W. Anderson, Geert Lovink. New York and London: Routledge, 2006
  2. The Politics of Cyberconflict. Athina Karatzogianni. New York: Routledge, 2006
  3. Information Politics on the Web. Richard Rogers. MIT Press 2004


On new media and politics

  1. Bloggers on the Bus: How the Internet Changed Politics and the Press. by Eric Boehlert. Free Press, 280 pp.,
  2. And Then There's This: How Stories Live and Die in Viral Culture. by Bill Wasik. Viking, 202 pp.,


Key Blogs

  1. DigiActive: blog monitoring digital activism
  2. Digital Resistance research is monitored via the iRevolution blog
  3. Social Government: monitors (U.S.) moves towards Government 2.0
  4. 'monitoring global protest movements through CrowdVoice

Key Conferences

  1. DIY Citizenship: Critical Making and Social Media. Centre for the Study of the United States, Munk School of Global Affairs. University of Toronto, Nov 12-14, 2010 [31]


Key Movements

  1. Technolibertarianism
  2. Technoprogressivism
  3. Technoindividualism
  4. Technoidealism


Key Podcasts/Webcasts

Fuller list available here: Videos and tapes on internet politics

See the video: The New Change-Makers: An Introduction to Digital Activism

Recommended:

On our own ideas:

Key Presentations

  1. Vasilis Kostakis: Open Source and Wikipolitics: short introduction to the potential of 'Wikipolitics'


The effect of the internet on politics

The Obama Election


Open Government

How To


Key Resources

  1. Top 10 Social Action Platforms for 2008: also a list of runner's up
  2. Steven Clift monitors e-democracy initiatives, at http://www.publicus.net/e-government/
  3. A Spectrum of Politics and Governance Grounded in Empowered Citizen Dialogue and Deliberation, at http://www.communicationagents.com/tom_atlee/2005/07/04/a_spectrum_of_politics_and_governance_grounded_in_empowered_citizen_dialogue_and_deliberation.htm
  4. An initiative by R.U. Sirius et al. to define the ideal Open Source Political Toolkit
  5. Some tools for activists: Frontline SMS; Martus
  6. The following sites and resources are “insanely useful Web sites” for government transparency in the USA.
  7. A Global Map of Alternative Media, compiled by the Alternative Media Global Project
  8. Top 100 Networks for People Who Want to Change the World
  9. Web 2 0 Governance Policies and Best Practices: compilation of official documents from the U.S.
  10. DigiActive Guide to using Twitter for Activism
  11. Keele Guide to Political Resources on the Internet: amazingly comprehensive directory
  12. Jayne Craven's webpage on Studies and Research Regarding Online Volunteering / Virtual Volunteering provides a good list of studies in this subject area
  13. The Metagovernment Project keeps track of Collaborative Governance Projects and Collaborative Governance Software [34]
  14. Tools and Literature on Decision-Making for Democracy, compiled by Josef Davies-Coates



Citations

Long Citations

"The notion that the democratic deficit can be dealt with by some technological fix (i.e. some variant of e’democracy) is absurd. The Internet has granted the weaker and poorer their personal Speaker’s Corner within cyberspace but has not created an e’Assembly in which they can over-rule the powerful minority who control the economic sphere. An e’Mob has been created, even an e’Demos. But it has not been admitted into anything resembling a genuine e’Democracy."

- Yanis Varoufakis [35]


No social order ever perishes before all the productive forces for which there is room in it have developed; and new, higher relations of production never appear before the material conditions of their existence have matured in the womb of the old society itself. Therefore mankind always sets itself only such tasks as it can solve; since, looking at the matter more closely, it will always be found that the tasks itself arises only when the material conditions of its solution already exist or are at least in the process of formation.

- Karl Marx, Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy


“Our strategy should be not only to confront empire, but to lay siege to it. To deprive it of oxygen. To shame it. To mock it with our art, our music, our literature, our stubbornness, our joy, our brilliance, our sheer relentlessness – and our ability to tell our own stories.”

- Arundhati Roy [36]

We connect with people that we resonate with, people who want what we want. When we nurture this sort of resonance we begin to build powerful networks. The networks that are built on resonance are the networks that have the capacity to self-organize.

- Gibran Rivera [37]

The Logic of Hegemony vs. the logic of affinity

Day establishes an opposition between the “logic of hegemony” and the “logic of affinity. Hegemony, he tells us, is totalizing and state-centered. It operates, equally in either what he likes to term its “(neo)liberal” or its “(post)marxist” variants, by means of demand, representation, recognition, and integration. From the very moment that politics is predicated on the demand, it implies and invokes the existence of a state before which the individual or group constituted in the demand seeks to be represented, and by which it hopes to be first recognized and then integrated. Affinity, on the other hand, begins with Exodus and establishes self-generated (and self-valorizing) communities predicated on a “groundless solidarity” and “infinite responsibility” that are always open to the new and the other.

- paraphrasing Richard Day, in his book: Gramsci is Dead


McKenzie Wark on expressive politics

There can be no one book, no master thinker for these times. What is called for is a practice of combining heterogeneous modes of perception, thought and feeling, different styles of researching and writing, different kinds of connection to different readers, proliferation of information across different media, all practiced within a gift economy, expressing and elaborating differences, rather than broad-casting a dogma, a slogan, a critique or line. ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ This expressive politics does not seek to overthrow the state, or to reform its larger structures, or to preserve its structure so as to maintain an existing coalition of interests. It seeks to permeate existing states with a new state of existence. It spreads the seeds of an alternate practice of everyday life.

-McKenzie Wark. A Hacker Manifesto


David Snowden on idealistic vs. naturalistic sense-making

"In the idealistic approach, the leaders of an organization set out an ideal future state that they wish to achieve, identify the gap between the ideal and their perception of the present, and seek to close it. … Naturalistic approaches by contrast, seek to understand a sufficiency of the present in order to act to stimulate evolution of the system. Once such stimulation is made, monitoring of emergent patterns becomes a critical activity so that desired patterns can be supported and undesired patterns disrupted. The organization thus evolves to a future that was unknowable in advance, but is more contextually appropriate when discovered.” (Kurtz and David Snowden, Bramble Bushes in the Thicket)


William James on Meliorism

"meliorism treats salvation as neither inevitable nor impossible. It treats it as a possibility, which becomes more and more of a probability the more numerous the actual conditions of salvation become" (William James. Pragmatism. Harvard UP, 1975, p. 137)

"As meliorism takes as its goal to make things better through concerted effort, meliorism is a habit of mind and a mode of practice that aims for realistic optimism rather than passivity, pessimism, or nihilism" (Peter Lunenfeld [38])


Pessimism is a luxury we can only afford in good times

1.

"Pessimism is a luxury we can only afford in good times, in difficult times it easily represents a self-inflicted, self-fulfilling death sentence. This insight, to me, is real Realism or real Realpolitik, far from blue-eyed Idealism. We have to courageously resist the current tendency to suspect those who work for a better world to be hopeless idealists. This would mean Realpolitik letting disaster happen (by deepening fault lines instead of transcending them), and us not at least attempting to prevent this. Strange real Realpolitik!" (Evelin Lindner, 2004.)

"To be hopeful in bad times is not just foolishly romantic. It is based on the fact that human history is a history not only of cruelty, but also of compassion, sacrifice, courage, kindness. What we choose to emphasize in this complex history will determine our lives. If we see only the worst, it destroys our capacity to do something. If we remember those times and places - and there are so many - where people have behaved magnificently, this gives us the energy to act, and at least the possibility of sending this spinning top of a world in a different direction. And if we do act, in however small a way, we don't have to wait for some grand utopian future. The future is an infinite succession of presents, and to live now as we think human beings should live, in defiance of all that is bad around us, is itself a marvelous victory." (Howard Zinn, You Can't Be Neutral on a Moving Train: A personal history of our times, 2004, p. 208)

(both citations found here [39] )


2. Against the production of hopelessness

"Hopelessness isn't natural. It needs to be produced... the last thirty years have seen the construction of a vast bureaucratic apparatus for the creation and maintenance of hopelessness, a kind of giant machine that is designed to destroy any sense of possible alternative futures. At root is a veritable obsession on the part of the rulers of the world with ensuring that social movements cannot be seen to grow, to flourish, to propose alternatives, that those who challenge existing power arrangements can never, under any circumstances, be perceived to win... Economically, this apparatus is pure dead weight; all the guns, surveillance cameras, and propaganda engines are extraordinarily expensive and really produce nothing, and as a result, it's dragging the entire capitalist system down with it."

- David Graeber [40]

Mitch Kapor on Open Politics

"the whole concept of open and equal access to information could do wonders for our politics. Placing information in the open, allowing people to debate both general and very specific aspects of software, and then creating a process for decision-making about implementation could be very important lessons.... There are many other interesting aspects to the open source community that may very well help define new participatory processes that can help us revitalize our democracy."

- Mitch Kapor [41]


The New Power of Internet-organized Minorities

"The adage that organized minorities are more powerful than disorganized majorities is now more true than ever. However, as these organized minorities multiply and grow, they are challenging the very nature of what power is and how it will be maintained in our society. ... Self-organizing groups, and networks that tie these groups into powerful coalitions, are the new players. To alter Time magazine’s formulation, the Person of the Year isn’t “you,” it’s “us.”

- Andrew Rasiej and Micah Sifry [42]


Dale Carrico on an emergent technoprogressive politics

"The fact remains that there seems to me to be an exciting, vitally important emerging technoprogressive mainstream in the United States of America and across the planet knitting together what might initially have seemed to be disparate concerns into an ever more unified, ever more popular, ever more emancipatory movement, conjoining

(a) democratic and anti-authoritarian education, agitation, and organizing via peer-to-peer networked formations,

(b) research, funding, and institutionalization of decentralized and renewable energy provision,

(c) advocacy of universal informed nonduressed consensual recourse to emerging genetic and prosthetic medicines,

(d) championing universal education to promote critical, literary, scientific, and civic literacy,

(e) defending the right of women to avoid or end unwanted pregnancies as well as to make recourse to ARTs to facilitate wanted ones,

(f) circumventing technodevelopmental wealth concentration via automation, outsourcing, and crowdsourcing through the advocacy of a non-means-tested universal basic income guarantee,

(g) overturning militarist budgetary priorities, regulating the trade in and use of arms of all kinds, dismantling private armies and policing forces, repudiating the ongoing automation and abstraction of death-dealing, and

(h) turning the tide of confiscatory intellectual enclosure by encouraging access to free creative content through public subsidy of citizen participation in networks, universal public access requirements for research funded by the public, limiting current legal copyright terms, widening fair use provisions, radically circumscribing state, corporate, and academic practices of secrecy, and repudiating the legal fiction of corporate personhood." (http://amormundi.blogspot.com/2007/08/trouble-with-technocentricity.html)


David Graeber on Markets and States

"This is a great trap of the twentieth century: on one side is the logic of the market, where we like to imagine we all start out as individuals who don’t owe each other anything. On the other is the logic of the state, where we all begin with a debt we can never truly pay. We are constantly told that they are opposites, and that between them they contain the only real human possibilities. But it’s a false dichotomy. States created markets. Markets require states. Neither could continue without the other, at least, in anything like the forms we would recognize today." (http://p2pfoundation.net/First_Five_Thousand_Years_of_Debt)



Marvin Brown on why we need Civic Design for Civilizing the Economy

"When people say, ”We have seen the problem and the problem is us,” they deceive themselves. We are not the problem. The problem is one of design. Our current design of how we live together in unjust and unsustainable, and it is still controlled by commercial conversations without any moral foundation. Those who control financial markets are sovereign. If we expand and protect civic conversations we may, in time, participate in the solution—an economy based on civic norms making provisions for this and future generations." (http://www.civilizingtheeconomy.com/2011/12/what-is-a-citizen-and-the-civic/)


Occupy as a Peer Production of a Political Commons

"If you observe an occupation, you see a community that is producing its politics autonomously, not following hierarchical or authoritarian political movements with a pre-ordained program; you see for-benefit institutions in charge of the provisioning of the occupiers (food, healthcare), and the creation of an ethical economy around it (such as Occupy’s Street Vendor Project). This is prefigurative of a new form of society in which the commons is at the core of value creation; these commons’ are maintained by non-profit institutions, and the livelihoods are guaranteed through an ethical economy. Of course there are historical precedents, but what is new is the extraordinary organisational, mobilization and co-learning potential of their networks. Occupy works as an open API with modules, such as ‘protest camping’, ‘general assemblies’, which can be used as templates and modified by all, without the need for central leadership. We can now have global coordination and mutual alignment of a multitude of small-group dynamics, and this requires a new type of leadership. The realization of historical moment of Peak Hierarchy, the moment in which distributed networks asymmetrically challenge vertical institutions in a way they could not do before, forces social movements to look for new ways of governance… but these are not given, and have to be discovered experimentally, and of course, there will be valuable lessons to learn from predecessor movements!"

- Michel Bauwens [43]


The Politics of Meaning

"One of four biggest challenges in building a new radical spiritual politics ("radical" meaning opposition to the totality of the inertia of the System) is distinguishing what we call the politics of meaning from normal liberal/progressive politics. One way that I've tried to express this is to take a liberal/progressive issue that we support, like universal health care, and restate the meaning of the issue in PoM terms. For example, to say that we support universal health care means we support caring about each other's health rather than insuring each other's bodies. It is the subjective element, or the intersubjective element, that is central to the politics of meaning, whereas in normal liberal/progressive discourse, the subjective element is only implicit—a love that dare not speak its name."

- Peter Gabel [44]


Howard Zinn on the Virtue of Potent Hope

“To be hopeful in bad times is not just foolishly romantic. It is based on the fact that human history is a history not only of cruelty, but also of compassion, sacrifice, courage, kindness. What we choose to emphasize in this complex history will determine our lives. If we see only the worst, it destroys our capacity to do something. If we remember those times and places—and there are so many—where people have behaved magnificently, this gives us the energy to act, and at least the possibility of sending this spinning top of a world in a different direction. And if we do act, in however small a way, we don’t have to wait for some grand utopian future. The future is an infinite succession of presents, and to live now as we think human beings should live, in defiance of all that is bad around us, is itself a marvelous victory.”

― Howard Zinn [45]

More Citations

The Era of the Globalisation of People

“Globalisation is not a new phenomenon. As analysed by Thomas Friedman in The World Is Not Flat, in the 16th and 17th centuries empires became global, whereas in the 20th century it was companies that became global, and the differential factor is that since the end of the millennium, ten years ago, it is people who are becoming global. And again it is a third technological revolution that is promoting the transformation: the revolution promoted by new information and communication technologies, of which the internet is the most transformative expression.”

- Josu Jon Imaz [46]


Gandhi on Non-Violence, Violence, and Apathy

"Over the course of the next 40 years, Gandhi and his movement were regularly denounced in the media, just as non-violent anarchists are also always denounced in the media (and I might remark here that while not an anarchist himself, Gandhi was strongly influenced by anarchists like Kropotkin and Tolstoy), as a mere front for more violent, terroristic elements, with whom he was said to be secretly collaborating. He was regularly challenged to prove his non-violent credentials by assisting the authorities in suppressing such elements. Here Gandhi remained resolute. It is always morally superior, he insisted, to oppose injustice through non-violent means than through violent means. However, to oppose injustice through violent means is still morally superior to not doing anything to oppose injustice at all."

- David Graeber [47]

A peer is not an equal

A peer is not an equal -- for there are no equals -- the peer is the one who appears in the public square, and by virtue of the public square, be it the polis of the streets or of the nets, and who appears as one who contributes, contests, collaborates, has a stake in the shared and made world precisely in her difference from others who also appear and associate in company. The ethos of politics, peer-to-peer, which is one and the same as the ethos of democratization, is always the interminable dynamic of equity-in-diversity.

- Dale Carrico [48]


Paul Hartzog on the need for alternative practices

"When faced with the constraints of existing structures, it is often the case that people will choose to, or be compelled, to turn aside and create something new on their own. This is the primary reason, in fact, why I keep returning to Hannah Arendt as a political thinker. From her we gain insight into the ability of people to undermine ostensibly illegitimate political and social practices, not by attacking them, but by simply engaging in some other practice that, by its very nature, calls the existing practices into question and, eventually, to account." (http://www.re-public.gr/en/?p=201)


Buzz Hollings on the next big pulse of change

"Holling thinks the world is reaching "a stage of vulnerability that could trigger a rare and major pulse of social transformation." Humankind has experienced only three or four such pulses during its entire evolution, including the transition from hunter-gatherer communities to agricultural settlement, the industrial revolution, and the recent global communications revolution.

Today another pulse is about to begin. "The immense destruction that a new pulse signals is both frightening and creative," he writes.

"The only way to approach such a period, in which uncertainty is very large and one cannot predict what the future holds, is not to predict, but to experiment and act inventively and exuberantly via diverse adventures in living."

- Thomas Homer-Dixon, Our Panarchic Future [49]


The disappearance of utopia brings about a static state of affairs in which man himself becomes no more than a thing. We would then be faced with the greatest paradox imaginable…After a long, torturous, but heroic development, just at the highest stage of awareness, when history is ceasing to be blind fate, and is becoming more and more man's own creation, with the relinquishment of utopia, man would lose his will to shape history and therewith his ability to understand it. ii

- Karl Mannheim, Ideology and Utopia, 1929-31 [50]


Short Citations

A peer is not an equal -- for there are no equals -- the peer is the one who appears in the public square, and by virtue of the public square, be it the polis of the streets or of the nets, and who appears as one who contributes, contests, collaborates, has a stake in the shared and made world precisely in her difference from others who also appear and associate in company. The ethos of politics, peer-to-peer, which is one and the same as the ethos of democratization, is always the interminable dynamic of equity-in-diversity.

- Dale Carrico [51]


In spite of current ads and slogans, the world doesn't change one person at a time. It changes as networks of relationships form among people who discover they share a common cause and vision of what's possible.

- Margaret Wheatley and Deborah Freize [52]


"A coalition of liberals and radicals is needed to defeat authoritarian nationalists and inegalitarian freemarketeers. Liberals without radicals turn into moderates, and radicals without liberals turn into fundamentalists."

- Alex Foti


Much of our modern thinking about rights is informed by an idea of sovereignty that emphasises autonomy rather than relatedness.

- Billy Matheson [53]


It takes a long time for change to happen quickly.

- Jon Husband, Wirearchy.com


A revolution doesn't happen when a society adopts new tools - it happens when it adopts new behaviours.

- Clay Shirky [54]


Benefits of freeing data are many, arguably being the most relevant one the “Many minds principle”: there’ll always be someone that will find out a way to reuse data that you wouldn’t have even figured.

- José Manuel Alonso [55]

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