From P2P Foundation

Peer to peer dynamics drive self-aggregation around common value creation, which can either be driven from the bottom-up, or harnessed by existing corporations and institutions. In this new section, we look at the various forms this 'collaborative economy' is taking.

Contents 1 Introductory Material 2 Citations 3 General overview table 4 Overview Pages 5 Important Definitions 6 Related Wiki sections 7 Citations 7.1 Long Citations 7.1.1 Scaling Up From One 7.1.2 How Social Enables Shared Alignment in the Purpose-Driven Business 8 Examples 9 Statistics 10 Sharing Directory 11 Key Resources 11.1 Key Articles 11.1.1 The interplay between open source and capitalism 11.2 Key Books 11.3 Key Case Studies 11.4 Key Videos 11.5 Visualisations

Introductory Material

• Introduction to Open Source P2P Exchanges: Exchanging goods and services through secure and trusted application without the need for currencies and intermediaries. The background to the Abundant Exchange platform. This is a really good intro to the idea of p2p exchanges. [1]

• Joe_Justice_on_Rapid_and_Agile_Industrial_Development_at_Wikispeed: how all the pieces of the new 'p2p' puzzle go together to develop secure and sustainable manufacturing in very rapid ways. More info via WikiSpeed.

• Historical record shows how intellectual property systematically slowed down innovation. Rick Falkvinge: Innovation Without IP - History

Citations

Chris Carlsoon:

"Corporations ARE the problem as the common institutional form of late capitalism, the social system that is the real root of poverty and inequality. Corporations are (temporarily) immortal, often unaccountable to national laws, brazenly criminal, murderous, and have only one purpose: to accumulate capital. They are not, and cannot be, moral actors in society. Even if the most pious, ascetic monks were put in charge of large corporations, the fiduciary responsibility of corporate leaders is to ensure the growth of profits and wealth for the stockholders or private owners. Corporations are not formed to do anything useful or beneficial to humans (except as an accidental byproduct), nor other species, nor the planet as a whole, unless (and only if) the activity produces profits. Corporate leaders can be personally very greedy or completely indifferent to personal wealth. It does not matter. If they don’t show steadily increasing “growth” (accumulating capital) they will be replaced by the next interchangeable “captain of industry.” (http://www.nowtopians.com/work-and-the-economy/%E2%80%9Ccorporate-greed%E2%80%9D-is-not-the-problem)

General overview table

Co-Creative‎	Collaborative	Distributed	Participatory	Socially-driven	Amateur	Citizen	Community	Crowd	Peer	User
Co-Production Co-Design Co-Creation Co-Creating Health Services Non-Market Co-Creation Co-Governance Co-Working	Collaboration Mass Collaboration Large-scale Internet Collaboration Coordination Theory and Collaboration Technology Collaboration Theory Collaboration Pyramid Collaborative Intelligence Synergystic Cooperation Contingent Cooperation Co-Creation Co-Design Collaborative Innovation Networks Collaborative Innovation at Michelin Cooperative Innovation at Aventis Collaborative Investment Research Cooperative Economics Cooperative Capitalism Cooperative Capital Collaboration Marketing Collaborative Authorship Collaborative Content Distribution Asynchronous Collaborative Music Recording Collaborative Citizen Journalism Collaborative Photojournalism Collaborative Defense	Distributed Distributive Production Distributed Intellectual Product Right Distributed Constructionism What is a Distributed Network Distributed Social Networking Distributed Systems Online Distributed Computation	Participative Business Models Participatory Management Participatory Management - Semco Richard Semler on Participatory Management Participatory Culture Participative Epistemology Participatory Journalism Participative Public Services Participatory Spirituality Participatory Urban Planning Participatory Video	Social Capital Socially Responsible Trading Networks Social Commerce Social Economy Social Economy - Europe	Amateur Class Amateur Collectives Mass Amateurization Professional Amateurs	Civic Agriculture Citizen Journalism Collaborative Citizen Journalism Citizen Science Citizen Engineers Citizen Marketers Civic Capitalism Civil Corporation Civil Economy Civic Intelligence Citizen Ownership Citizen Stake	Community Supported Manufacturing Community Supported Agriculture Agriculture Supported Communities Community Supported Bakeries Community Currencies Community Wireless Community Water-Management Systems Knowledge Building Community Community-Driven Investigations Self-Generating Practitioner Community Community-Based Tools in Science	Crowd Crowdsourcing Crowd Accelerated Innovation Crowdfunding Crowd Curation Crowd Clout Crowd Science Energy Crowd Curated Crowds‎ Crowdsourcing Business Models Crowd‎ Crowdcreation‎ Crowd Contests Microtasks Macrotasks	Peer Production Commons-Based Peer Production Peer to Peer Lending Peer to Peer Credit Architecture Peer to Peer Energy Trading Peer-to-Peer Product-Service Systems Peer to Peer Risk Allocation Peer to Peer Camping P2P Energy Grid Peer to Peer Exchanges P2P Filesharing Peer to Peer Petsitting	User-Centered Innovation User Innovation Theory Understanding User-Driven Innovation User-Generated Ecosystem User-Generated Content User-Filtered Content User-Driven Advertizing User-Created Advertizing User-Capitalized Networks

Overview Pages

1. Amateur-Driven Value Creation
2. Citizen-Driven_Value_Creation
3. Community-Driven_Value_Creation
4. Crowd-Driven_Value_Creation
5. Peer-Driven Value Creation
6. User-Driven_Value_Creation

And also:

1. Co-Creative Value Creation‎‎
2. Collaborative Value Creation
3. Distributed Value Creation
4. Participatory Value Creation
5. Socially-Driven Value Creation

Important Definitions

Via [2]:

• Innovation Networks = “Firms seamlessly weave internally and externally available invention and innovation services to optimize the profitability of their products, services, and business models.” [3]

• Crowdsourcing = sourcing small and large jobs from anyone and everyone.

• Expert Sourcing = sourcing from specialized, professional-grade, vetted experts.

• Wisdom of Crowds = the wisdom of the crowd’s collective intelligence outweighs any individuals.)

Related Wiki sections

• Open Business Models

• P2P Funding Models

Citations

"The 20th century was preoccupied with organizing the mass production system ... in the century to come ... how more people can collaborate more effectively on creating new ideas."

- Charles Leadbeater, in: We Think

-"In the economy of things yo uare identified by what you own. In the economy of ideas you are what you share."

- Charles Leadbeater, in: We Think

Long Citations

Scaling Up From One

Scale up from one: Regular people and small manufacturing companies that lack investment capital will be able to set up low investment, “start small and scale up as it goes” businesses. Thanks to the low-cost Internet virtual storefronts, and the low cost of small-scale manufacturing for prototypes and custom goods, new companies can get started on a shoestring budget, yet sell their wares or services to niche, global marketplaces.

- Hod Lipson & Melba Kurman [4]

How Social Enables Shared Alignment in the Purpose-Driven Business

"When you have shared purpose, it doesn’t matter how many people work “in the company” and how many work “with” the company or how many are serving as an army of volunteers who want to advance the mission. What will it look like to lead an organization when only 5% of talent affecting output is directly on payroll, and others come and go? Organizations will not need to be big to have a big impact. But they will need an extremely clear purpose, and shared, decentralized power throughout. When a clear purpose is coupled with shared power, people can self-organize to reach the goal.

In essence, organizations will finally act flat because they will actually be flat. (And, of course, this affects management’s role and how we all manage our careers. More on that in future posts.)

Work is freed. This changes not only how we work at the broadest levels — and how we organize every single part of our organizations — but what we make, how we produce and distribute it, and how we market and sell it. Is that scary? For many, yes. But, for better or worse, social is giving us this freedom."

- Nilover Merchant [5]

Examples

Interesting innovations:

• EcoFreek: search portal for re-using/recycling
• Scred, open accounting and meaningful money for groups and projects
• Shared Reward Points program from Citibank

Rachel Botsman, author of the book, What's Mine Is Yours: The Rise of Collaborative Consumption, expects the consumer peer-to-peer rental market to become a $26 billion industry." (http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/arabic/article.cfm?articleid=2714)

Statistics

"Uniiverse has collated some startling figures detailing the opportunity space of ‘idlesourcing’:

• There are one billion cars on the road, 740 million of them carrying only one person, and 470m would be willing to carpool.

• There are 460 million homes in the developed world, with on average $3,000 worth of unused items available; and 69% of households would share these items if they could earn some money from it

• 300 million people in the developed world spend more than 20% of their waking hours alone and are looking for connection

• of the 2 billion internet-connected people in the world, 78% declare that their online experience has made them more amenable to sharing in the ‘real world’ (this conversion from online to offline sharing behaviour is confirmed by the Latitude Research survey). 80% of the 7 billion people on the planet today would declare that sharing makes them more happy. This means 5.7b people would be ready for a sharing economy."

(http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=Ig31ELGDJ0Q)

See also the video: The Social Basis for a Sharing Economy

Sharing Directory

1. accessories & gifts http://meshing.it/categories/1-accessories-gifts
2. books & writing , http://meshing.it/categories/2-books-writing
3. business & innovation , http://meshing.it/categories/3-business-innovation (Book Commons
4. careers, jobs & vocation , http://meshing.it/categories/4-careers-jobs-vocations
5. creativity, media & the arts , http://meshing.it/categories/7-creativity-media-the-arts
6. diy , http://meshing.it/categories/8-diy
7. education , http://meshing.it/categories/9-education
8. energy , http://meshing.it/categories/10-energy Sharing Energy
9. entertainment , http://meshing.it/categories/23-entertainment
10. farming & gardening , http://meshing.it/categories/14-farming-gardening
11. fashion & clothing , http://meshing.it/categories/11-fashion-clothing
12. finance & economics , http://meshing.it/categories/12-finance-economics
13. food & drink , http://meshing.it/categories/13-food-drink
14. government , http://meshing.it/categories/6-government
15. health & fitness , http://meshing.it/categories/15-health-fitness
16. home improvement , http://meshing.it/categories/18-home-improvement
17. kids' stuff , http://meshing.it/categories/20-kids-stuff
18. marketing services , http://meshing.it/categories/21-marketing-services
19. mobility , http://meshing.it/categories/28-mobility
20. natural resources & environment , http://meshing.it/categories/24-natural-resources-environment
21. real estate , http://meshing.it/categories/25-real-estate
22. seasonal & holidays , http://meshing.it/categories/26-seasonal-holidays
23. technology & data , http://meshing.it/categories/27-technology-data
24. travel , http://meshing.it/categories/29-travel
25. upcycling & recycling , http://meshing.it/categories/30-upcycling-recycling

Key Resources

1. News about the Sharing Economy via Twitter
2. Innovation in Collaborative Consumption, monitor innovative initiatives here

Key Articles

• How Personal Fabrication Will Change Manufacturing and the Economy. Hod Lipson & Melba Kurman, in Factory@Home, pp. 51+. It contributes to: Ecosystems of small manufacturers; Long tail niche markets; Economic emergence of underserved communities; Consumer-led product design; Scale up from one; Mass customization and crowdsourcing; Eco-conscious and subsistence-level manufacturing; Less market research, more toolkits

• Product-Centered Business Supply Chain Development vs People-Centered Business Network Ecosystem Development

• Open vs Closed Platforms as Business Choice.From a dialogue between Jonathan Zittrain, a professor of Internet law at Harvard Law School, and Mark VandenBrink, who leads Frog Design, conducted by Mr. Sherr and Mr. Totty. [6]

• Bijoy Goswami on Social Capital vs. Market Capital: the social generates value, the market captures the value

• Charles Leadbeater: Pro-Ams as a Force for Social and Commercial Innovation

• Challenges to instutions in a Post-Gutenberg World. From an article by Richard Stacy [7]

• How Open Source Has Changed the Software Industry: Perspectives from Open Source Entrepreneurs. Juho Lindman, Risto Rajala. TIM, January 2012 [8]

• Venture Capital Investments in P2P Companies

The interplay between open source and capitalism

• On the Crisis of Value debate: Deflationary Effects of the Web Economy. By Byrne Hobart On August 1, 2011

• How Open Source Abundance Destroys the Scarcity Basis of Capitalism. JD Moyer.

• Open companies perform better in the market: * A New Way of Measuring Openness: The Open Governance Index. Liz Laffan. TIM Review, January 2012 [9]. A way to measure the degree of real Peer Governance of any project (particularly for Open Source Software companies).

Key Books

• We Think. Charles Leadbeater.
• Here Comes Everybody. Clay Shirky
• The Wealth of Networks. Yochai Benkler.
• Crowdsourcing. Jeff Howe.
• What's Mine is Yours. The Rise of Collaborative Consumption. Rachel Botsman.
• The Mesh. Lisa Gansky.
• Open Innovation. Henry Chesbrough.
• Democratizing Innovation. Eric von Hippel.

Key Case Studies

• See the case study on the Glif iphone tripod for an example of integrated distributed funding, design, manufacturing, marketing, and fullfilment.

Key Videos

• Charles Leadbeater on Collaborative Innovation: TED video on 'collaborative creativity' i.e. user driven innovation

Visualisations

Solidarity Economy visualisation

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